I have been planning to ask some version of this
hypothetical for a while and by coincidence Project Syndicate reposted an old article on de Tocqueville that relates to it, provoking me to ask now.
So here is the main question: Which of these is better: A dictator who is truly benevolent (having
the best interests of the population as his/her highest priority) and enlightened
(knowing enough about good policy to pursue the population’s best interests)? Or a democracy with fully universal suffrage
(everyone votes) but most of the people don’t have the education to fully
understand the issues or the time to investigate which candidates are best
aligned with their values, beliefs, and interests?
If you selected the benevolent dictator, now imagine he/she
is not quite so benevolent. How far down
can you go before you switch to the ignorant democracy?
If you selected the ignorant democracy, imagine there are no
safeguards against misleading political advertising, misinformation, or special
interest lobbying. How bad can this
situation get before you switch to the benevolent dictator?
The article on de Tocqueville had a lot of information on
the democracy solution. For him, and for
the author of the article, essayist Nicolas Tenzer, democracies have some
systemic challenges. Because of the
strong social instincts and motivations that are fundamental to human nature,
many of us would rather go along with the crowd than take strong principled but
unpopular stands, even when we are more informed than the majority about the
issue. Self-delusion allows us to
convince ourselves that they are probably right.
Unlike with the dictator, where we can see flaws and fight
against a loss of the benevolence, we can’t do this with democracy’s
flaws. So we are more at its
mercies. We rely on having a strong
educational system that informs all of our population on the issues, on critical
thinking, on the importance of principled decision making, and to stop pandering
to the latest trends in education. We
need active media consumption, not passive infatuation with celebrity. We don’t seem to have either of these
Not that I am pushing for a dictatorship. But sometimes I wonder. We spend so much blood and treasure pushing
democracy around the world. Is that
really where we should be setting our priorities?
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